推动消费升级 引领经济发展——创新江苏消费经济发展新阶段

2018年9月,中共中央、国务院联合发布《关于完善促进消费体制机制,进一步激发居民消费潜力的若干意见》文件。文件根据习近平中国特色社会主义思想,认为“消费是最终需求,既是生产的最终目的和动力,也是人民对美好生活需要的直接体现。”对消费在国民经济中的重要作用进行了深入阐述,将扩大和升级消费放在战略高度来进行谋划和部署,为今后如何进一步发展国民消费指明了前进方向。改革开放以来,江苏省的消费与全国一样发生了巨大变化,但是我们也应看到,江苏消费虽然增长较快,但是与党和国家的要求还存在一定的差距,消费能力、消费意愿、消费供给消费三要素的发展不充分,在消费水平、消费规模和消费结构等方面还存在一定的问题,在满足人民日益增长的需要方面还需要继续努力。特别是在推动江苏经济发展上要发挥更大的作用,通过消费对经济的调节、引领、带动机制促进江苏经济创新发展。因此,我们要继续贯彻党和国家“两个一百年”、江苏率先小康的“强富美高”战略目标,采取得力措施来解决消费矛盾,激发居民消费潜力,通过消费升级使江苏消费和经济均上升到一个新阶段。     

发展无锡文化创意产业 提升城市文化软实力

无锡作为我国“吴文化”起源地之一,经济实力有目共睹,而文化软实力一直是无锡的弱项。在产业结构优化的背景下,第三产业中的创意产业被证实拉动经济成效显著,因此无锡提升文化软实力,可以从创意产业发展入手,是实现“弯道超车”的有效途径之一。文章研究了无锡城市文化现状与问题,包括历史文化产业发展受阻,经济发展后劲不足;无锡城市文化发展趋“利”少“韵”;创意人才缺少等问题。提出发展无锡文化创意产业,提升城市文化软实力的具体建议:发展创意产业,弥补先天历史文化短板;发展创意文化经济,着眼长期效益;建立创意产业人才引进体系、激励体系与培养体系。     

Relationship learning: A conduit for internationalization

Internationalization opportunities can emerge through inter-organizational sharing, yet research on why and how organizations learn through relationship interactions is underdeveloped. We explore how learning in supplier-customer relationships contributes to organizational offerings through the knowledge development process. We identify relationship learning as an organizational dynamic capability by thematic analysis of qualitative longitudinal data from large as well as small and medium-sized organizations. Our case study of organizations demonstrates that nurturing personal relationships and paying attention to customer communication is core in knowledge sharing. Customer input is valuable in solution offerings, strengthening mutual work, and growth in internationalization within an existing relationship or in new ones. The results endorse that the knowledge development processes and commitments transpire at both ends of the relationship. The findings provide practical managerial implications for ensuring the development of open and transparent communication conduits in relationships. The process of providing a solution that addresses customers' needs must begin with understanding their work, issues, and the intended jobs they will perform.     

俄罗斯国家经济安全对中俄经贸合作的影响

20世纪以来,俄罗斯经历了乌克兰危机、西方经济制裁、国际油价下跌等外部因素的冲击,经济安全遭受严重威胁,在此背景下的俄罗斯政治经济战略势必波及中俄经贸合作,进而影响丝绸之路经济带建设。本文从贸易合作和对外直接投资合作方面,基于计量模型剖析俄罗斯国家经济安全对中俄经贸合作的影响过程及关联因素。研究表明俄罗斯国家经济安全危机提升了中国在俄贸易伙伴国中的地位,促使俄与中国产能合作的意愿强烈,直接投资和产能合作逐渐成为推动中俄经贸合作向纵深发展的强劲动力;俄罗斯国家经济安全危机对中俄罗贸易有显著负向影响,中俄政治关系对贸易合作有显著正向影响。这是提高中国对俄罗斯投资、提升高新技术产品在俄罗斯进口比重的机遇期,亦是推进丝绸之路经济带的重要机遇期。经济强势崛起的俄罗斯和经济体系全面崩溃的俄罗斯对丝绸之路经济带的推进均有重要影响,在与其发展战略协作伙伴关系过程中,中国恰到好处地拿捏平衡其中的大国利益边界至关重要。     

Quantifying and understanding land cover changes by large and small oil palm expansion regimes in the Peruvian Amazon

With rapid increases in global food demand and production, oil palm expansion constitutes a major emerging challenge for forest conservation in Amazonia and other tropical forest regions. This threat is evident in the Peruvian Amazon, where local and national incentives for oil palm cultivation along with growing large-scale investments translate into accelerated oil palm expansion. Environmental sustainability of oil palm cultivation in the Peruvian Amazon is contingent on policy incentives for expansion onto already-cleared lands instead of biodiverse, high carbon primary rainforests. Previous research indicates that while industrial plantations use less land area than local smallholders, companies have a higher tendency to expand into primary rainforests. However, the motivations behind these differing expansion scenarios remain unclear. In this study we combine data from optical and radar satellite sensors with training information, field discussions, and review of public documents to examine the policy incentives and spatial patterns associated with oil palm expansion by smallholders and industries in one of Peru’s most rapidly changing Amazonian landscapes: the Ucayali region of the city of Pucallpa. Based on our satellite-based land cover change analysis, we found that between 2010 and 2016, smallholders utilized 21,070 ha more land area for oil palm than industries but industrial expansion occurred predominantly in old growth forests (70%) in contrast to degraded lands for smallholders (56%). Our analysis of national policies related to oil palm expansion reveal policy loopholes associated with Peru’s “best land use” classification system that allow for standing forests to undergo large-scale agricultural development with little government oversight. We conclude that both sectors will need careful, real-time monitoring and government engagement to reduce old-growth forest loss and develop successful strategies for mitigating future environmental impacts of oil palm expansion.     

农地整治项目的治理机制研究——以湖北省和山东省的调查为例

研究目的:基于契约治理和关系治理维度分析农地整治项目治理机制,探究治理机制完善途径。研究方法:理论分析、因子分析、障碍因子诊断。研究结果:(1)农地整治项目契约治理包括控制权配置、风险分担、利益分配和关系协调等机制,关系治理包括信任、承诺、沟通和合作等机制;(2)农户对农地整治项目治理机制的评价(3.50/3.62/3.44)整体处于"一般—比较满意"水平,对政府主导整治项目的评价得分(3.50/3.62)高于非政府主导整治项目得分(3.44);(3)契约治理首位障碍因子为风险分担,关系治理首位障碍因子为沟通;(4)政府主导整治的首位障碍因子为变更通知/技术交底(障碍度5.54%/5.41%),非政府主导整治的首位障碍因子为风险处理程序(障碍度5.42%)。研究结论:合理分担风险、加强信息沟通,是完善农地整治项目治理机制的有效途径;当前农地整治仍应以政府主导为主,非政府主导作为重要的补充形式,还需在实践中继续探索与完善。     

国家审计与国家监察服务腐败治理的路径探索——基于协同视角的思考

随着国家监察体制改革的全面推进，国家监督系统焕发新的生机。国家审计与国家监察作为国家监督系统的重要组成部分，理应充分发挥监督职能以保证国家可持续发展。从国家监察体制改革特点入手，基于受托经济责任观，全面分析国家审计及国家监察分别与腐败治理的相关关系，并以腐败治理为核心，从战略层面、管理层面和结果层面三个层面探求国家审计与国家监察的耦合路径，使两者通过有效耦合路径将监督协同效应发挥到极致，进而保证政府公共受托经济责任全面有效地履行。     

CEO compensation in EU telecom companies: Does the state design the right incentives?

This paper analyzes the structure of CEO pay in European fixed telecommunication companies, focusing on the impact of state ownership. Results show that, under the (partial or total) control of the state, the level of CEO compensation is lower and pay-performance sensitivity is higher than in privately-controlled firms. This finding suggests the state provides an incentive as well as a monitoring effect. However, when the state holds the majority of the shares, the pay level is significantly affected by the CEO power, suggesting that in these firms, CEOs are more likely to be entrenched with boards and succeed in raising their pay.     

Institutional Economics as Theory of Policy Change: Impact of Past Policy Failures on Present Policy

Social scientists have developed several theories for understanding or evaluating policy change over time. Since all costs or benefits are not internalized owing to positive transaction costs, policymaking is always implemented under cost underestimation conditions and, therefore, is imperfect. I call this trait policy failure in this article. Furthermore, I show that a new framework combining the social costs approach and the legal/economic approach in institutional economics is suitable and can be applied to evaluating how past policy failures affect present policy, providing as an example the Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan.     

自然保护区生态旅游发展对贫困农户生产经营能力的影响研究

基于云南省轿子山国家级自然保护区的调查数据,从3个维度构建农户生产经营能力指标体系,运用熵值法及多元线性回归模型研究保护区生态旅游发展对贫困农户生产经营能力的影响。结果表明:轿子山国家级自然保护区样本贫困农户生产经营能力总体处于中等水平,且呈现出区域差异性;社区社会保障缺乏和政府帮扶政策措施滞后是造成农户生产经营能力不足的主要原因;在控制“农户家庭基本特征”类别下的4个变量中,保护区开展生态旅游效果的主客观认知是影响贫困农户生产经营能力的一个重要因素,贫困农户参与保护区生态旅游相关工作正向显著影响农户生产经营能力,并对保护区生态旅游扶贫效果起到中介效应。因此,提出政府相关部门应合理规划,构建全域化生态旅游发展体系;增强基层治理水平,提供就业创业培训路径;转变观念,提升自我脱贫可持续能力等建议。